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SINGAPOR.CRD
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#CARD:Singapore:Geography
#WORD 44 70 428 427 0
Singapore Click Here for Country List
#IMAGE 44 61 TWPCX \maps\SINGAPOR.PCX
Geography Click Here for MAP
Location:
Southeastern Asia, between Malaysia and Indonesia
Map references:
Asia, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
632.6 sq km
land area:
622.6 sq km
comparative area:
slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
193 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive fishing zone:
12 nm
territorial sea:
3 nm
International disputes:
two islands in dispute with Malaysia
Climate:
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; no pronounced rainy or dry seasons;
thunderstorms occur on 40% of all days (67% of days in April)
Terrain:
lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment
area and nature preserve
Natural resources:
fish, deepwater ports
Land use:
arable land:
4%
permanent crops:
7%
meadows and pastures:
0%
forest and woodland:
5%
other:
84%
Irrigated land:
NA sq km
Environment:
current issues:
industrial pollution; limited water supply; limited land availability
presents waste disposal problems
natural hazards:
NA
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Law of the Sea
Note:
focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes
#CARD:Singapore:People
People
Population:
2,859,142 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.12% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
16.52 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
5.3 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
75.95 years
male:
73.17 years
female:
78.94 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.88 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Singaporean(s)
adjective:
Ethnic divisions:
Chinese 76.4%, Malay 14.9%, Indian 6.4%, other 2.3%
Religions:
Buddhist (Chinese), Muslim (Malays), Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Taoist,
Confucianist
Languages:
Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official),
English (official)
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
88%
male:
93%
female:
84%
Labor force:
1,485,800
by occupation:
financial, business, and other services 30.2%, manufacturing 28.4%,
commerce 22.0%, construction 9.0%, other 10.4% (1990)
#CARD:Singapore:Government
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Singapore
conventional short form:
Digraph:
SN
Type:
republic within Commonwealth
Capital:
Administrative divisions:
none
Independence:
9 August 1965 (from Malaysia)
National holiday:
National Day, 9 August (1965)
Constitution:
3 June 1959, amended 1965; based on preindependence State of Singapore
Constitution
Legal system:
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Suffrage:
20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President ONG Teng Cheong (since 1 September 1993) election last held
28 August 1993 (next to be held NA August 1997); results - President
ONG was elected with 59% of the vote in the country's first popular
election for president
head of government:
Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 28 November 1990); Deputy Prime
Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 28 November 1990)
cabinet:
Cabinet; appointed by the president, responsible to parliament
Legislative branch:
unicameral
Parliament:
elections last held 31 August 1991 (next to be held 31 August 1996);
results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total) PAP 77, SDP
3, WP 1
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
government:
People's Action Party (PAP), GOH Chok Tong, secretary general
opposition:
Workers' Party (WP), J. B. JEYARETNAM; Singapore Democratic Party
(SDP), CHIAM See Tong; National Solidarity Party (NSP), leader NA;
Barisan Sosialis (BS, Socialist Front), leader NA
Member of:
APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, COCOM (cooperating), CP, ESCAP, G-77, GATT,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNIKOM,
UNTAC, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Sellapan Rama NATHAN
chancery:
1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone:
(202) 667-7555
FAX:
(202) 265-7915
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
(vacant)
embassy:
30 Hill Street, Singapore 0617
mailing address:
FPO AP 96534
telephone:
[65] 338-0251
FAX:
[65] 338-5010
Flag:
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side
of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion
is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed
stars arranged in a circle
#CARD:Singapore:Economy
Economy
Overview:
Singapore has an open entrepreneurial economy with strong service and
manufacturing sectors and excellent international trading links
derived from its entrepot history. The economy registered nearly 10%
growth in 1993 while stemming inflation. The construction and
financial services industries and manufacturers of computer-related
components have led economic growth. Rising labor costs continue to be
a threat to Singapore's competitiveness, but there are indications
that productivity is keeping up. In applied technology, per capita
output, investment, and labor discipline, Singapore has key attributes
of a developed country.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $42.4 billion (1993)
National product real growth rate:
9.9% (1993)
National product per capita:
$15,000 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.4% (1993)
Unemployment rate:
2.7% (1993)
Budget:
revenues:
$11.9 billion
expenditures:
$10.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.9 billion (1994
est.)
Exports:
$61.5 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
computer equipment, rubber and rubber products, petroleum products,
telecommunications equipment
partners:
US 21%, Malaysia 12%, Hong Kong 8%, Japan 8%, Thailand 6% (1992)
Imports:
$66.4 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
aircraft, petroleum, chemicals, foodstuffs
partners:
Japan 21%, US 16%, Malaysia 15%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Taiwan 4%
External debt:
$0; Singapore is a net creditor
Industrial production:
growth rate 2.3% (1992); accounts for 28% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
4,860,000 kW
production:
18 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
6,420 kWh (1992)
Industries:
petroleum refining, electronics, oil drilling equipment, rubber
processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship
repair, entrepot trade, financial services, biotechnology
Agriculture:
occupies a position of minor importance in the economy;
self-sufficient in poultry and eggs; must import much of other food;
major crops - rubber, copra, fruit, vegetables
Illicit drugs:
transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US, Western
Europe, and the Third World; also a major money-laundering center
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $590 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1
billion
Currency:
1 Singapore dollar (S$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Singapore dollars (S$) per US$1 - 1.6032 (January 1994), 1.6158
(1993), 1.6290 (1992), 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989)
Fiscal year:
1 April - 31 March
#CARD:Singapore:Communications
Communications
Railroads:
38 km of 1.000-meter gauge
Highways:
total:
2,644 km (1985)
paved:
NA
unpaved:
NA
Ports:
Merchant marine:
533 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 10,656,067 GRT/17,009,400 DWT,
bulk 87, cargo 125, chemical tanker 14, combination bulk 3,
combination ore/oil 8, container 80, liquefied gas 4, livestock
carrier 1, oil tanker 179, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 3,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 20
note:
many Singapore flag ships are foreign owned
Airports:
total:
10
usable:
10
with permanent-surface runways:
10
with runways over 3,659 m:
2
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
4
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
3
Telecommunications:
good domestic facilities; good international service; good radio and
television broadcast coverage; 1,110,000 telephones; broadcast
stations - 13 AM, 4 FM, 2 TV; submarine cables extend to Malaysia
(Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines;
satellite earth stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Pacific Ocean
INTELSAT
#CARD:Singapore:Defense Forces
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 857,824; fit for military service 630,055
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $2.7 billion, 6% of GDP (1993 est.)
SINGAPOR.0